- Different types of research approaches
- interpretive-historical
- qualitative & quantitative
- correlational
- experimental
- simulation and modeling
- logical argumentation
- and case study
1. Interpretive-historical Research
- Historical research enables you to explore and explain the meanings, phases, and characteristics of a phenomenon or process at a particular point of time in the past
─Refers to research in the discipline of history.
─The aim is to identify appearances of your chosen phenomenon in a temporally defined situation and environment.
─It is also suitable in other disciplines as it enables you to focus on exploring the historical appearances of phenomena.
─Qualitative analysis is the norm, but quantitative analysis can also explain the past.
2. Qualitative & quantitative Research
- Qualitative research:
─Involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences.
─It can be used to gather in-depth insights into a problem or generate new ideas for research.
- Quantitative research:
─Quantitative research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data.
─It can be used to:
- find patterns and averages,
- make predictions,
- test causal relationships,
- and generalize results to wider populations.
3. Correlational research
- Correlational research is a type of non-experimental research method
─a researcher measures two variables
─understands and assesses the statistical relationship between them
─no influence from any extraneous variable
4. Experimental Research
- There are two basic types of research design:
─True experiments
─Quasi-experiments
- The purpose of both is to examine the cause of certain phenomena
- All the important factors that might affect the phenomena of interest are completely controlled
- It is not possible or practical to control all the key factors (quasi-experimental research is needed)
- Similarities between true and quasi-experiments:
─Study participants are subjected to some type of treatment or condition
─Some outcome of interest is measured
─The researchers test whether differences in this outcome are related to the treatment
5. Modeling and simulation (M&S)
- Is the use of models (e.g., physical, mathematical, or logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process) as a basis for simulations to develop data utilized for technical or other decision making.
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6. logical argumentation
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7. Case studies Research
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- A researchapproach that is used to generate an in-depth, multi-faceted understanding of a complex issue in its real-life context.
- It is an established research design that is used extensively in a wide variety of disciplines, particularly in the social sciences.
- Used mainly used qualitative data but sometimes collect quantitative data
- According to Yin (2014), a case study research typically includes multiple data collection techniques and data are collected from multiple sources.
- Data collection techniques include:
─interviews,
─observations (direct and participant),
─questionnaires,
─and relevant documents