1.Data collections (generation)

While deciding about the method of data collection to be used for the study, the researcher should keep in mind
two types of data viz., primary and secondary.
The primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in
character.
The secondary data, on the other hand, are those which have already been collected by someone else and which

have already been passed through the statistical process.
The researcher would have to decide which sort of data he would be using (thus collecting) for his study and
accordingly he will have to select one or the other method of data collection.

What is data collection?
The process by which the researcher collects the information needed to answer the research problem.
In collecting the data, the researcher must decide:

• Which data to collect
• How to collect the data
• Who will collect the data
• When to collect the data

The selection of data collection method should be based on the following:
The identified hypothesis or research problem
The research design
The information gathered about the variables

2. Data presentation 

• For quantitative: Tables are devices for presenting datasimply from masses of statistical data

─Charts and Diagrams

─Statistical Maps

─Statistical Averages

─Measures of Dispersion

• For qualitative: Qualitative data conventionally are presented by using illustrative quotes.

─Quotes are “raw data” and should be compiled and analyzed, not just listed

─There should be an explanation of how the quotes were chosen and how they are labeled

3. Research Data analysis

• Quantitative Data
• Cross-tabulation: Cross tabulation is a method to quantitatively analyze the relationship between multiple variables.
• Trend analysis: Trend analysis is based on the idea that what has happened in the past gives the researcher an idea of what will happen in the future.

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  • • Qualitative data: The most commonly used data analysis methods are:
  • ─ Content analysis: This is one of the most common methods to analyze qualitative data.
    • the study of documents & communication artifacts
    • includes texts of various formats, pictures, audio or video.

    ─ Narrative analysis: This method is used to analyze content from various sources, such as:

    • interviews of respondents,
    • observations from the field,
    • or surveys.

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